Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin, causing red, itchy and scaly patches.
Causes
The exact cause of psoriasis is not yet fully understood. However it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research has shown that certain genes play a role in the development of psoriasis as it tends to run in families. However having these genes does not necessarily mean a person will develop the condition.
Additionally, certain triggers can exacerbate or initiate psoriasis flare-ups. Common triggers include:
• Stress
• Infections (such as strep throat or skin infections)
• Injuries to the skin
• Smoking
• Alcohol consumption
• Certain medications
Understanding these triggers can help individuals manage their condition more effectively.
Symptoms
• Red patches of skin with a silvery-white scale-like appearance
• Dry, cracked or flakey skin
• Itching or burning sensation in the affected areas
• Thickened or raised skin with defined borders
• Soreness or pain in the affected areas
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in scalp psoriasis)
• Pitting or ridges on the nails
• Joint pain, stiffness or swelling (in some cases of psoriatic arthritis)
• Nail discoloration or separation from the nail bed
• Bleeding or cracked skin due to excessive dryness or scratching
Besides the physical symptoms, psoriasis can also have a significant impact on a person’s emotional well-being. The visible nature of the condition may lead to self-consciousness, social anxiety and a reduced quality of life. It is important for individuals with psoriasis to seek support from healthcare professionals, support groups and loved ones to manage both the physical and emotional aspects of the disease.
Treatment options
While there is currently no cure for psoriasis, various treatment options can help manage the symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups. Treatment approaches are tailored to individual needs, taking into account the type and severity of psoriasis, the patient’s overall health and their preferences.
Common treatment options include:
• Topical Treatments: These are applied directly to the skin and include corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, retinoids, salicylic acid and moisturizers. They help reduce inflammation, control scaling and relieve itching.
• Phototherapy: This involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light under medical supervision. UVB phototherapy and PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) are the most commonly used types of phototherapy for psoriasis. They slow down the rapid skin cell growth and reduce inflammation.
• Systemic Medications: These medications are prescribed for moderate to severe psoriasis when topical treatments and phototherapy are not effective. They can be taken orally or by injection and work by suppressing the immune system or targeting specific molecules involved in the disease process.
• Biologics: Biologic drugs are a newer class of medications that target specific parts of the immune system involved in psoriasis. They are administered through injection or intravenous infusion and are typically reserved for people with moderate to severe psoriasis.
• Lifestyle Management: Making certain lifestyle changes can also help manage psoriasis. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding triggers like stress and smoking, minimizing skin injuries and following a well-balanced diet. Additionally, stress management techniques, such as meditation and exercise can be beneficial.
Although it cannot be cured, there are various treatment options available to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Seeking early diagnosis and personalised treatment from healthcare professionals is crucial for effectively managing the condition.
Get in touch with me and I can help determine the best treatment plan for you.